[288] Hansei (反省) is a central idea in Japanese culture, meaning to acknowledge one's own mistake and to pledge improvement. ", "Japan Targets to Export More Ships, Revive Global Market Share", "Trends in the Visitor Arrivals to Japan by Year", "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017", "Germany Breaks Korea's Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation", "How much does your country invest in R&D? It has traditionally been typified by wooden or mud plaster structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Between the 4th and 9th centuries, the kingdoms of Japan became unified under an emperor and his imperial court based in Heian-kyō. [74] The country's manufacturing output is the third highest in the world as of 2019[update]. The islands were made by volcanoes. In its literary forms, Japanese philosophy began about fourteen centuries ago. [82] Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunami, occur several times each century;[83] the 1923 Tokyo earthquake killed over 140,000 people. [31], Japan's feudal era was characterized by the emergence and dominance of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai. Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji and the lyrics of Japan's national anthem "Kimigayo" were written during this time. [72] The Ryukyu Islands, which include Okinawa, are a chain to the south of Kyushu. [259] Japan has the lowest rate of heart disease in the OECD, and the lowest level of dementia in the developed world. In the Meiji period, the Empire of Japan adopted a Western-styled constitution and pursued a program of industrialization and modernization. [303] Japanese television dramas are viewed both within Japan and internationally;[304] other popular shows are in the genres of variety shows, comedy, and news programs. [105] Naruhito is the Emperor of Japan, having succeeded his father Akihito upon his accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019. Japan is the thirtieth most densely populated country in the world. [314] Japan's top professional league, Nippon Professional Baseball, was established in 1936. [147] As of 2019[update], Japan's labor force consisted of 67 million workers. Aomori [110] The Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947, is the oldest unamended constitution in the world. 12. Japan contests Russia's control of the Southern Kuril Islands, which were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945. It is ranked sixth in the Global Competitiveness Report for 2015–2016. Japan by being consisted of more than 6850 islands and the land area of 378 000 square kilometers is a country located in the Pacific Ocean in East Asia that mountainous regions account for about 70% of the its total area. Confucian ideals remain evident in the Japanese concept of society and the self, and in the organization of the government and the structure of society. [44] The study of Western sciences (rangaku) continued through contact with the Dutch enclave in Nagasaki. 9. [64][65] The Allies convened the International Military Tribunal for the Far East to prosecute Japanese leaders for war crimes. [180] The country has produced twenty-two Nobel laureates in either physics, chemistry or medicine,[181] and three Fields medalists. INTRODUCTION. 19. [199], As of 2017[update], 39% of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 25% from coal, 23% from natural gas, 3.5% from hydropower and 1.5% from nuclear power. Water resources in Japan are therefore obtained from the mountainous areas, especially for the low flow from the basin. [183] Japan has the second highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita in the world with 14 per 1000 employees. Although not particularly high, the hills and mountains of the Japanese interior are steep and are not, therefore, considered habitable or suitable for cultivation. [130], The Government of Japan has been making changes to its security policy which include the establishment of the National Security Council, the adoption of the National Security Strategy, and the development of the National Defense Program Guidelines. [154] The Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features: keiretsu enterprises are influential, and lifetime employment and seniority-based career advancement are common in the Japanese work environment. Japan is a mountainous country, about the size of the British Isles; arable land therefore forms a very small portion. 16. [255], Health care is provided by national and local governments. Japan has a developed system for the protection and promotion of both tangible and intangible Cultural Properties and National Treasures. [97] The oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources. [106] Its main exports are motor vehicles, iron and steel products, semiconductors and auto parts. [260], Contemporary Japanese culture combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America. In the summer, the region sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures because of the foehn. Miyagi Miyazaki 22. [54][55] World War I allowed Japan, which joined the side of the victorious Allies, to capture German possessions in the Pacific and in China. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? [17] Clay vessels from the period are among the oldest surviving examples of pottery. The explorer entered a lunar orbit on October 4, 2007,[191][192] and was deliberately crashed into the Moon on June 11, 2009. Hiroshima [161] This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% as of 2018[update]. What are the key characteristics of financial intermediary? [313] Baseball is the most popular spectator sport in the country. [45], In 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black Ships" of the United States Navy forced the opening of Japan to the outside world with the Convention of Kanagawa. [231] The level of participation in religious ceremonies as a cultural tradition remains high, especially during festivals and occasions such as the first shrine visit of the New Year. [197], There are 175 airports in Japan as of 2013[update]. [14][15], A Paleolithic culture from around 30,000 BC constitutes the first known habitation of the islands of Japan. 13. [102] Environmental issues include urban air pollution (NOx, suspended particulate matter, and toxics), waste management, water eutrophication, nature conservation, climate change, chemical management and international co-operation for conservation. [129] The military is governed by the Ministry of Defense, and primarily consists of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. [213] Primary minority groups include the indigenous Ainu and Ryukyuan people,[214] as well as social minority groups like the burakumin. of Muslims, mosques on the rise in Japan amid some misconceptions, prejudice", "Japan 2018 International Religious Freedom Report", "Japan going the wrong way in English-education reform", "Compulsory nine-year school system kicks off in Japan", "Japan – Student performance (PISA 2015)", "Japan Might Be What Equality in Education Looks Like", "Cultural influences on suicide in Japan", "Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japan: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan", 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T043440, "What Karaoke Means to the Country That Invented It", "National holidays trace roots to China, ancients, harvests", "A brief history of how curry ended up in Japan", "Television Viewing and Media Use Today: From "The Japanese and Television 2015" Survey", "What are the most popular Japanese TV shows? Japan sits on the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, therefore has several volcanoes and experiences several earthquakes. [41] The Edo period gave rise to kokugaku ("national studies"), the study of Japan by the Japanese. Okinawa, A member state of the United Nations since 1956, Japan is one of the G4 nations seeking reform of the Security Council. About three-fourths of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its population of 125.57 million on narrow coastal plains. Japan is a mountainous country, with two-thirds of its territory covered with forests. [140][141] According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, among the member states of the UN that report statistics as of 2018[update], the incidence rates of violent crimes such as murder, abduction, sexual violence and robbery are very low in Japan. About 98% of the population receives piped water supply from public utilities. [164], Japan ranked seventh in the world in tonnage of fish caught and captured 3,167,610 metric tons of fish in 2016, down from an annual average of 4,000,000 tons over the previous decade. [158][159], The Japanese agricultural sector accounts for about 1.2% of the total country's GDP as of 2018[update]. [175] For inbound tourism, Japan was ranked 11th in the world in 2019. [291] The national holidays in Japan are New Year's Day on January 1, Coming of Age Day on the second Monday of January, National Foundation Day on February 11, The Emperor's Birthday on February 23, Vernal Equinox Day on March 20 or 21, Shōwa Day on April 29, Constitution Memorial Day on May 3, Greenery Day on May 4, Children's Day on May 5, Marine Day on the third Monday of July, Mountain Day on August 11, Respect for the Aged Day on the third Monday of September, Autumnal Equinox on September 23 or 24, Health and Sports Day on the second Monday of October, Culture Day on November 3, and Labor Thanksgiving Day on November 23. Ehime [104] It consists of a lower House of Representatives with 465 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved, and an upper House of Councillors with 245 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms. Livestock farming in hilly and mountainous areas of Japan is the typical case. [198] The Keihin and Hanshin superport hubs are among the largest in the world, at 7.98 and 5.22 million TEU respectively as of 2017[update]. [284], The four traditional theaters from Japan are noh, kyōgen, kabuki, and bunraku. [207], Japan has a population of 126.3 million,[208] of which 124.8 million are Japanese nationals (2019). Tochigi [282] Popular music in post-war Japan has been heavily influenced by American and European trends, which has led to the evolution of J-pop. [26] The Jinshin War of 672, a bloody conflict between Prince Ōama and his nephew Prince Ōtomo, became a major catalyst for further administrative reforms. [176] The 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report ranked Japan 4th out of 141 countries, which was the highest in Asia. [236], About 90% of those practicing Islam in Japan are foreign-born migrants as of 2016[update]. [273] An account of court life is given in The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon, while The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu is often described as the world's first novel. [233], Christianity was first introduced into Japan by Jesuit missions starting in 1549. [33] After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan came to power as regents for the shōguns. [246] Since the 1947 Fundamental Law of Education, compulsory education in Japan comprises elementary and junior high school, which together last for nine years. From a broader level, […] Japan is an island country consist of almost 7,000 islands, including five main islands, “Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa” and other smaller islands. [294] Japanese curry, since its introduction to Japan from British India, is so widely consumed that it can be termed a national dish, alongside ramen and sushi. If the Philippines is divided into 3 major islands, Japan is subdivided deinto four (4) namely Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Hokkaido. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. Okayama 44. [40] When open war broke out, Ieyasu defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. [171], Japan's service sector accounts for about 70% of its total economic output as of 2019[update]. [59] In 1940, the Empire invaded French Indochina, after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan. About 80 percent of the land in Japan is considered ‘mountainous’. Ishikawa About 73% of Japan is forested, mountainous and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial or residential use. [118] Japan signed a security pact with Australia in March 2007[119] and with India in October 2008. [127] Japan maintains one of the largest military budgets of any country in the world. [265] The Shrines of Ise have been celebrated as the prototype of Japanese architecture. Nagano Kanagawa, 15. Forests and mountains cover most of the land. 27. [293] Seafood and Japanese rice or noodles are traditional staples. [252][251][253] As of 2017[update], Japan's public spending on education amounted to just 3.3 percent of its GDP, below the OECD average of 4.9 percent. [193], Japan has invested heavily in transportation infrastructure. [232] Taoism and Confucianism from China have also influenced Japanese beliefs and customs. [262] Twenty-two sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, eighteen of which are of cultural significance. Japan has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic period (30,000 BC), though the first mentions of the archipelago appear in Chinese chronicles from the 1st century AD. 39. [9] Before it was adopted in the early 8th century, the country was known in China as Wa (倭) and in Japan by the endonym Yamato. Japan is a mountainous country therefore it seems like hiking is a must-do when you arrive here. d. The unemployment rate is high. The Ryukyu and Nanpō Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Maintenance of Public Safety and Disaster Countermeasures", "A Land Without Guns: How Japan Has Virtually Eliminated Shooting Deaths", "Victims of intentional homicide, 1990–2018", "Japan's rising child poverty exposes true cost of two decades of economic decline", "Japan's latest economic stimulus exposes its dirty debt secret", "Forget Greece, Japan is the world's real economic time bomb", "Here's a lesson from Japan about the threat of a U.S. debt crisis", "Japan's Coronavirus Response Increases Public Debt Challenge", "Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Japan", "The 2018 World Cooperative Monitor: Exploring the Cooperative Economy", "Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces", "The spatial patterns in long-term temporal trends of three major crops' yields in Japan", "Grown from necessity: Vertical farming takes off in aging Japan", "The state of world fisheries and aquaculture", "Japan to exceed bluefin tuna quota amid warnings of commercial extinction", "Japan resumes commercial whaling after 30 years", "Manufacturing, value added (current US$)", "Is time running out for Japan's car industry? While a group of people cannot be generalized as a whole, and culture in any country can vary from region to region, here are fifteen cultural differences that typically stick … [22] According to legend, Emperor Jimmu (grandson of Amaterasu) founded a kingdom in central Japan in 660 BC, beginning a continuous imperial line. [16] This was followed from around 14,500 BC (the start of the Jōmon period) by a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture characterized by pit dwelling and rudimentary agriculture. [115] It is the world's fifth largest donor of official development assistance, donating US$9.2 billion in 2014. [24] Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class, including figures like Prince Shōtoku, and gained widespread acceptance beginning in the Asuka period (592–710). Sea of Okhotsk, and the East China Sea. Ōita Saga Japan is the eleventh-most populous country in the world, as well as one of the most densely populated and urbanized. : gov't", "Urban population (% of total population)", "Labor-starved Japan welcomes return of foreign workers", "The history of human populations in the Japanese Archipelago inferred from genome-wide SNP data with a special reference to the Ainu and the Ryukyuan populations", "Peruvians Struggling to Find a Place in Japanese Society", "Life expectancy at birth, total (years)", "Numbers tell tale of Japan's postwar rise and fall", "The economic challenge of Japan's aging crisis", "The Mystery of Why Japanese People Are Having So Few Babies", "The world is running out of Japanese people", "Number of children in Japan shrinks to new record low", "More seniors, more foreigners: How Japan is changing", "New immigration rules to stir up Japan's regional rentals scene — if they work", "Women between Religion and Spirituality: Observing Religious Experience in Everyday Japanese Life", "Why Japan Wants Its Past Persecution of Christians to Be World Renowned", "Shadow of surveillance looms over Japan's Muslims", "No. The culture of Japan is well known around the world, including its art, cuisine, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent animation and video game industries. [315] Since the establishment of the Japan Professional Football League in 1992, association football has gained a wide following. Therefore Japan has great diversity of … Many instruments, such as the koto, were introduced in the 9th and 10th centuries. Nuclear power was down from 11.2 percent in 2010. [162] Japan's small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected. [125] Japan has strained relations with China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands and the status of Okinotorishima. [220], Japan has the second longest overall life expectancy at birth of any country in the world, at 84 years as of 2019[update]. [317] Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup four times,[318] and the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2011. The standard of living has declined. [310][311], Traditionally, sumo is considered Japan's national sport. [328] The country hosted the official 2006 Basketball World Championship[329] and will co-host the 2023 Basketball World Championship. In 2014 out of the total land in Japan 12.0 per cent was arable land, 3.1 per cent residential area and 66.3 per cent forest area . The Japanese islands are covered by mountains, most of them heavily forested, and crisscrossed by short, swift rivers. Niigata [118] The United States is a major market for Japanese exports and a major source of Japanese imports, and is committed to defending the country, with military bases in Japan. [168][170] The Japanese shipbuilding industry faces competition from South Korea and China; a 2020 government initiative identified this sector as a target for increasing exports. Kagawa [204] The country has therefore aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency. Keywords: Mountainous snow cover, Heavy snowfall, Regional climate modeling, Global warming, Dynamical downscaling, Japan’s Northern Alps Introduction Japan’s Northern Alps, located in central Japan, are known as one of the deepest snow-cover regions in the world (Fig. [63] The war cost Japan its colonies and millions of lives. Japan is a world-renowned powerhouse of animation. [99] Japan ranks 20th in the 2018 Environmental Performance Index, which measures a nation's commitment to environmental sustainability. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands, most of which are mountainous, and many are volcanic. Japan was mainly importing raw materials from other parts of Asia. [114] Japan is a member of the G7, APEC, and "ASEAN Plus Three", and is a participant in the East Asia Summit. Fukushima, 8. It is also the highest mountain in Japan. [334], Coordinates: 36°N 138°E / 36°N 138°E / 36; 138, "Nippon" redirects here. [131] In May 2014, Prime Minister Shinzō Abe said Japan wanted to shed the passiveness it has maintained since the end of World War II and take more responsibility for regional security. [25], The far-reaching Taika Reforms in 645 nationalized all land in Japan, to be distributed equally among cultivators, and ordered the compilation of a household registry as the basis for a new system of taxation. They range from subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the Ryūkyū and Bonin Islands, to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to temperate coniferous forests in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands. [298] Ingredients such as red bean paste and mochi are used. 14. Earthquakes in Japan 150 Hokkaido Magnitude 8.0 and above 1.0-7.4 b 5-6.9 G. 0-6.4 Sea of Japan Physical Features of Japan Hokkaido Sea of Japan (East Sea) PACIFIC OCEAN Shikoku Kyushu Elevation u (East Sea) Honshu PACIFIC OCEAN Shikoku JAPAN Sea Feet Beiow sea level A Mountainous Landscape Meters 611-1,625 306-610 0-305 Below sea Japan Hopes to Find Out", "Japan Successfully Launches Lunar Explorer 'Kaguya, "Japan's transport planning at national level, natural disasters, and their interplays", "Japan's Bullet Trains Are Hitting a Speed Bump", "Japan nuclear power-free as last reactor shuts", "Nuclear power back in Japan for first time since Fukushima", "Mixed progress for Japan's nuclear plant restarts", "A Review of the Evolution of the Japanese Oil Industry, Oil Policy and its Relationship with the Middle East", "Japan's 2014 Strategic Energy Plan: A Planned Energy System Transition", "Population Estimates Monthly Report June 2019", "Japan population drops by record number to 124.8 mil. [96], In the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations; as a result, environmental pollution was widespread in the 1950s and 1960s. It also provided the Japanese with fertile land and a central location. [212], Japan's population is 98.1% ethnic Japanese as of 2016[update],[74] with small populations of foreign workers. 21. [29] This marked the beginning of the Heian period (794–1185), during which a distinctly indigenous Japanese culture emerged. [247] Almost all children continue their education at a three-year senior high school.

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