He claimed the checks were payment for landscaping work he had done for the couple two weeks earlier. In this article, forensic document examiner, Mark Songer discusses the role of document analysis in elder care disputes. He provides relevant data on the scope of the problem and outlines his involvement in two such cases. Chapter 10 Handwriting_Forgery. Examination Services. The expert examined several example or “exemplar” checks written by the victims. Indented impressions of handwriting are invisible marks pressed into the papers surface when one document is written out while resting on top of another page. Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a suspicious or questionable document using scientific processes and methods. Those checks were compared with checks the suspect had attempted to cash. In addition, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) created the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) for Forensic Science, which is composed of both government and private examiners selected based on their expertise, contributions and competency in the field. An anonymous printed letter or document could be traced to a suspect's specific office printer or photocopier. Unit 6: Drug Identification and Toxicology. If significant differences are consistently noted, it may be the result of reference writer not being responsible for producing any of the questioned writing. A few days later, police arrested a man trying to cash several of the couple’s checks. Forensic Document Examiners need to precisely record every step of the forensic document examination. Microsoft Word forensic analysis is something digital forensic investigators do quite often for document authentication. According to Skip Palenik, President and Senior Research Microscopist at Microtrace Laboratories, inks often play a crucial role in the solution of document examination problems. Please contact Mark to discuss your case and how he can assist. After being presented with the overwhelming evidence against him, the suspect confessed to the murders and was given a death sentence. The purpose of this committee is to develop guidelines and standards which are consensus-based and supported by sound scientific principles. In some cases the evidence may be limited due to the availability of poor copy quality documents, small amounts of questioned and/or reference writings, very simple writing styles. In this article, forensic document examiner, Mark Songer provides an overview of forensic document examination. the author of the reference writing wrote out the questioned handwriting. When validating digital scans, it is important to look not only at what is present but also at what is not present. He is currently an Associate with the firm Robson Forensic, Inc. Mark has been qualified as an expert in the field of forensic document examinations in both federal and state courts. The suspect denied having anything to do with the murders. While detectives were able to link the suspect to the crime scene using DNA evidence, they still had questions about the checks the suspect attempted to cash. Analytical methods now have been developed for removing single paper fibers under a microscope and then testing the ink on it using physio-chemical instruments such as infrared micro-spectrophotometry, x-ray spectroscopy and Raman micro-spectroscopy. He discusses the steps that a forensic document examiner follows, including analysis, comparison, and evaluation. Basically, forensic analysis investigates an offense or crime - shows who, how and when something caused. If suitable reference writings are submitted and the forged signatures bear features of the forger's natural handwriting or signature style, the document examiner may be able to indicate the authorship of the forged signatures. In this article, Forensic Document Examiner, Mark Songer provides an overview of the cases where forensic document examination can be applied, the techniques and technologies used, and standards that exist in the field. Handwriting analysis and forensic document examination is the process of using scientific methods to determine the origins of documentation, both written and electronically produced. Relative ink dating is most commonly employed in document examinations when the dates of entry are in question, though the various methods used to conduct such examinations all have intrinsic problems or require that certain assumptions be accepted, which usually leaves the results open to justifiable criticism. They are trained in handwriting analysis and document forensics so they can separate fraud from real, fiction from fact. Questioned documents might include cheques, wills, invoices, letters of reference, drug lists from a crime scene, handwritten sales receipts, threat letters, anonymous letters, suicide notes and diary entries supporting alibis. The page below will bear a record of the writings from the page above which can be revealed using an angled, oblique high intensity light or by using the electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA). Could one of the victims have written the checks? The microscopic study of photocopied or printed documents can sometimes reveal unique identifying marks or defects to link documents or match them to specific pieces of equipment. Where hand torn pages are present, the shapes and sizes of the sections can be used to match up pages along with any printed designs or text entries present. The accuracy and precision of ink dating depends primarily on the interval involved. If two inks cannot be distinguished by purely optical methods and suspicion still exists that they are not the same, chemical methods of analysis come into play. Many leave telltale artifacts either on the scanned image (watermarks, for example) and/or embedded in the metadata of the file.’’ Metadata is information that describes specific attributes of a file, and may contain information describing the specific device or application that processed the file. Taking into consideration that the woman had been found gagged and beaten, the examiner concluded that the checks had probably been written under duress. For example, a series of counterfeit bank notes, immigration papers or tickets can be linked to a single source or grouped into batches. Some of these articles and studies can be found in the Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners, the Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal, and the American Academy of Forensic Science. Unit 7 : Forensic Psychology. Please refer to the range of opinions used for an explanation of our regularly used opinion strengths. Most government-trained examiners as well as private examiners, complete a two-year, full-time training program or apprenticeship. Absolute dating of modern inks, however, has proven to be one of the great quests of modern document examination. It is possible for a forensic document analyst to analyze document that has been written using a typewriter. The examiner determined that the wife had written those questioned checks. The questioned writing is then compared to the reference writing and the presence of significant similarities and differences is noted. not conclusive. In the case of cross-cut or diamond cut shredders it may not always be possible to reconstruct the documents depending on the volume of shreds present as to little information is held on the smaller sized diamond cuts. FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATION A Brief History Adams v Ristine 122 S. E. 126, 138 Va 273, Virginia 31 A.L.R. A document in question could be a letter, will, contract, driver’s license or a passport. The strength of the opinion may therefore be limited, i.e. Findings must be supported by valid scientific investigation. A document contains all kinds of information that could be helpful for your case. With standards for the analysis, preservation, and matching of documents that have been altered, cut, torn, perforated, soaked by liquids, or even charred, forensic document analysis covers a broad spectrum of forensic procedures. In an investigation it may be important to either discount an author, i.e. determine that an individual did not write out the questioned writing, or to ascertain whether a person was responsible for writing out the questioned material. Unit 5: Death & Forensic Entomology. Click here to join. Forensic Handwriting Analysis – Expert Introduction to Handwriting Analysis, Forensic Document Analysis in Elder Care Disputes – Expert Article, Document Authentication in Construction Disputes – Expert Article, Forensic Document Examination – Expert Overview, Questioned Document Examination - Expert Introduction. The methods of questioned document analysis involve handwriting examination, and analysis of ink, paper, printing, typewriters etc.to determine if the questioned document is authentic or not. 1413 “Chock‐full of document law points, covering many to questions including were lifi ti f t This was alandmark case due the number ofissues which addressed dealing with i h fi ld 1900 qualifications o expertexper s, Forensic Document Examination or Questioned Document Examination involves the scientific examination of suspicious documents. Procedurally nondestructive in nature, this device can detect indentations or impressions several layers below the top sheet, and many years after the indentations were created. The style, shape, layout and spacing of the writing is also noted. Document Analysis. Forensic science is the application of science to the law. For example, the amounts in words and figures may have been altered on a handwritten or printed cheque. Mark Songer is a former FBI Special Agent and FBI Forensic Examiner. With the use of confetti style shredders the pages are turned into layers of thin, long strips: it is essential that you do not disturb the layers of shreds in the shredder bin, as these strata are formed by separate pages of documents. However, forensic document examination can also be useful in a wide variety of other cases including elder abuse, medical malpractice, and — as illustrated in the case of the California couple — even homicide. In addition, Mark served honorably in both the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Army (ROTC). PDF Forensic Analysis and XMP Metadata Streams Portable Document Format (PDF) forensic analysis is a type of request we encounter often in our computer forensics practice. Police contacted a forensic document examiner, also referred to as a handwriting expert. Another area involving scientific analysis of inks is in the determination of the order of ink entries. He also provides a brief example, comparing two handwriting samples, drawing attention to some of the key differences that a handwriting analyst may utilize in his analysis. Because of the great popularity of Microsoft Office, many important business documents such as contracts and memoranda are created using Word. Southeastern Association of Forensic Document Examiners Dianne Peterson is the owner and president of Forensic Document Investigations (FDI). Tests are conducted on color, thickness, weight, the presence of watermarks, weave patterns, and fiber. Such indented impression marks could recover additional evidence to assist identifying an author, date, or a lead on a location or telephone number of possible suspects in a case. Stay up to date with weekly communications from Robson Forensic - Substantive technical articles, safety practices across various industries, contact information from featured experts. In this article, Forensic Document Examiner, Mark Songer discusses the role of document examiners within the context of construction disputes. Where documents such as financial papers have been destroyed by shredding it can be possible to reconstruct the pages and recover the destroyed information. Forensic document analysis is easy to understand with this engaging and professionally designed chapter. The article highlights examples of “cut and paste” forgeries and provides background into the processes and techniques utilized as part of the investigation. Unit 8: Document Analysis. This kind of planning before collaborating on a handwriting analysis project will aid in avoiding contextual bias. For many individuals it may be their most commonly used writing. Such defective marks can also grow with age or use and can in some instances be used to estimate the age of a document produced by this piece of equipment. Analysis of signatures on documents The forensic analysis of signatures is a very specialised form of handwriting analysis as the signature, while unusually only a small amount of writing, is a highly customized and stylized piece of writing. Metadata also includes the date and time the file was created. Crime Scene Review (16X9) Real CSI Forgery Activity Analyzing Your Handwriting Criteria for Handwriting Analysis Hand-writing is a complex motor skill consisting of sensory, neurological, and physiological impulses. Skip to content Forensic Document Exams General acceptance within the scientific community; Use of standards to test the theory or technique; Peer review and publication of the technique; and. I can determine such things as whether there have been alterations made and whether the document is original. What To Expect. Those checks were compared with checks the suspect had attempted to cash. A forensic document examiner checks to validate the authenticity of a document as well as relate it to a person, event, time or thing. Where a handwritten document is suspected of being altered or figures, words or paragraphs inserted, it may be possible to identify either a different author, or that a different type of ink has been used. The couple was robbed, beaten, and forced to write checks from their personal account before being murdered. "Forensic Document Examination is an established field of scientific study, as a means of identifying forgery and establishing the authenticity of documents in dispute." The expert examined several example or “exemplar” checks written by the victims. Microscopic analysis and the examination of the edge patterns and their sheared edge profiles can be used to match the torn edge of a page to another edge. We would generally suggest ten to twelve versions of the questioned text which consists of a few sentences or paragraphs, or where larger volumes of writing are in question, perhaps only two or three pages. The photographic printing plates can also be linked to documents through blemishes or defects on the plate, and the documents that result from them can also be grouped together through such identifying marks. The Southeastern Association of Forensic Document Examiners defines a document as "anything that bears marks, signs, or symbols which have meaning or conveys a message to someone." Like many other scientific disciplines, peer-reviewed research is continuous and rapidly evolving in this field of study. Document forensics is that the field that has emerged to help the interpretation of evidence in court of law, which deals with getting evidence from the questioned documents. The discipline of forensic document examination is typically associated with white-collar crimes such as check fraud or other business transactions. Forensic Document The requests usually entail PDF forgery analysis or intellectual property related investigations. It is an apprenticeship field, requiring years of practice and work with an experienced examiner. It has been possible in a number of cases to link the carbon-film ribbon to a series of such altered documents as this type of ribbon records every character typed onto a document, as the character area is left as a blank image on the film. Questioned documents can include legal documents such as wills, cheques, threatening letters, suicide notes and any form of letter or note relating to criminal activity. For this reason alone, it is imperative that the digital file of a scanned document be preserved correctly so that the metadata is unaltered.

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