On 31 March 2011 the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) lowered the Volcano Alert Level and the Aviation Color Code for Cleveland to Unassigned, noting that no eruptive activity had been confirmed during the previous few months (BGVN 36:05). The Volcano Alert Level was lowered to Advisory and the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow. In addition to the case shown in figure 14A, thermal anomalies in the vicinity of Cleveland's summit crater were frequently detected during this reporting period. On 4 March 2008, a pilot reported minor ash to 1.5 km above sea level in the vicinity of Cleveland, and a weak thermal anomaly was observed the following day. Two explosions were detected on 13 April by distant seismic stations and infrasound arrays. A small, low-altitude ash cloud along with high surface temperatures at the summit were observed in satellite images starting at 0717. Four thermal anomalies were detected on 3, 6, and 8-9 November. Elevated surface temperatures were detected in images on 15 July. Field crews conducted an overflight during the last week of July and observed incandescence from a vent in the summit crater. Observations of weakly-elevated surface temperatures returned 8 and 9 December, with minor steaming at the summit observed on clear days. Since explosive activity has sometimes followed lava-dome extrusion, AVO increased the Aviation Color Code to Orange and the Volcano Alert Level to Watch. Cloud cover prevented views during 25-27 March, and slightly elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite data during 27-28 March; nothing significant was detected in seismic or infrasound data. In a report posted at 1822 AVO noted that both webcam and satellite images suggested continuous low-level emissions of gas, steam, and minor amounts of ash over the past several hours with a faint plume drifting E below 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. AVO reported that on 15 September a thermal anomaly from Cleveland was detected in satellite imagery. AVO reported that on 31 January the Volcano Alert Level for Cleveland was raised to Watch and the Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange due to the formation of a new 40-m-wide lava dome in the summit crater that was observed in satellite imagery on 30 January. AVO reported that seismic and infrasound sensors recorded a small explosion at Cleveland at 0355 on 4 April. The beautifully symmetrical Mount Cleveland stratovolcano is situated at the western end of the uninhabited Chuginadak Island. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Dome growth and destruction during 2012-2013. Elevated surface temperatures continued to be observed, however, during the last two weeks of the month. Clouds obscured satellite and web camera views of Cleveland volcano during 22-28 August. This ash cloud rose to an altitude of 30,000 feet (about 9 kilometers). A small explosive eruption of Cleveland on 25 June prompted AVO to raise the Volcano Alert Level to Watch and the Aviation Color Code to Orange. Seismicity remained low. When the volcano erupted in 1944, it was near the site of an Italian base used by Allied forces in World War II, meaning there were several witnesses to the event. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. This was based on satellite detection of elevated surface temperatures at the summit and an image from 14 June showing very minor ash deposits on the upper flanks. This short-lived event was typical of recent Cleveland activity. The plume was seen from an airplane on 1 August. The webcam periodically recorded steam emissions. Data courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). AVO reported weakly-to-moderately-elevated surface temperatures reappearing during the second and third weeks of July. No ashfall was reported in Nikolski, 75 km E of the volcano. On 26 June AVO lowered the Aviation Color Code to Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory. The 1960 eruption of Kilauea in Hawaii … at about 1900 reported that the eruptive activity had declined to minor steam emission. It depends of the size and type of eruption and the size and location of the town. It’s been showing signs of growing unrest since the early 1980’s. The primary source of information comes from the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) and various satellite data. No significant activity had been observed since satellite data confirmed the eruption of a small-volume lava dome within the summit crater on 18 May; weakly elevated surface temperatures detected during 2-3 June were consistent with cooling lava. Darkened areas around the summit region in post-explosion web camera images were interpreted as minor ash deposits from the explosion. "Eruptive activity" of Cleveland Volcano was detected in satellite data, according to the Alaska Volcano Observatory. A news article stated that some airplanes were diverted away from Cleveland. | June Volcanic unrest continued at Cleveland through 27 April. Growth of a new dome was first observed on 15 April; it continued until being destroyed by an explosion on 16 May. AVO noted that these observations were consistent with the presence of a lava dome that began extruding in the summit crater in late January. Small plume were seen rising from the crater on 1 and 4 June (figure 8). 100 m wide. Mount Cleveland; Frosty Peak Volcano; Mount Katmai; Korovin Volcano; Mount Mageik; Mount Pavlof; Mount Redoubt; Mount Shishaldin; Mount Vsevidof; Washington. 2009: April Cleveland is not monitored by a real-time seismic network, thus the levels "Green" or "Normal" do not apply because background activity is not defined. Otherwise no significant eruptive activity was recorded by seismic or infrasound sensors. A weak thermal anomaly was detected in satellite imagery on 3 March. Courtesy of Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) Thermal Alerts System. AVO reported that analysis of recent satellite data suggested that the lava dome in Cleveland’s summit crater first observed on 12 January may have stopped growing on 16 January, and since then the center of the dome slowly subsided. AVO reported that during 19-23 July elevated surface temperatures from Cleveland were identified in satellite images; no activity was observed in seismic, infrasound, or web-camera data although these data had been intermittent. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. The majority (77 percent) of U.S. eruptions has occurred in Alaska. The explosion destroyed the January 2019 lava dome and ejected a large amount of material from the summit crater. A possible steam emission was observed in satellite data at 0:48 UTC, June 26, 2018 that may be … Take a little time to explore this site (). A weak thermal anomaly was observed on 1 February 2011, and on 9 February a pilot overflew Cleveland and reported minor, repetitive steam emissions rising hundreds of meters above the summit. Reference. Volcanic ash can damage the exterior of an aircraft. AVO reported that satellite observations of Cleveland during 22-28 February revealed that the growth of the lava dome continued at a slow rate. He first saw the grayish-white plume at about 1220, from 190 km to the E, estimating that it reached ~2,900 m altitude . During 31 August-2 September cloud cover prevented views of the summit crater, but a thermal anomaly at the summit was observed during 3-5 September. AVO reported that during 27-28 September and 30 September-1 October thermal anomalies over Cleveland's summit lava dome were detected in satellite images and suggested that the lava dome continued to slowly grow. Cleveland's summit appeared to be emitting a 300 m-high steam plume. There were also minor ash emissions from July to October 2005 (BGVN 30:09). . Information Contacts: Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4667, USA; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, USA; and Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 794 University Ave., Suite 200, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA (URL: http://www.avo.alaska.edu/). Large eruptions can affect ambient temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's troposphere; historically, large volcanic eruptions have been followed by volcanic winters which have caused catastrophic famines. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. The thermal anomaly continued to be detected during 26-28 July and possible ash plumes drifted SE, E, and NE at altitudes of 3-6.1 km (10,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. Clouds obscured satellite and web camera views during 5-11 September. Minor vapor and diffuse ash emissions inside the crater were noted. The deposit may have been an active lava flow fan or hot debris, and was probably the source of the satellite thermal anomaly. During this event no active lava flows were observed, as compared with events of July-August 2008 (BGVN 33:07). Thermal anomalies led analysts to infer a possible lava flow. Dome was gone by 11 March 2012. After 10 days of diminished activity following the sequence of explosions in December, AVO reduced the Aviation Color Code to Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory on 7 January 2019. The 50-m-diameter dome was similar in size and morphology to the past 10 domes extruded and destroyed since 2011 (the most recent cycle was earlier in May). The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. Very small events occurred at … On 27 June, AVO lowered the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory and the Aviation Color Code to Yellow. Volcanic unrest continued at Cleveland through 4 May. On 30 January 2012, satellite data showed another small dome within the summit crater, which measured ~ 40 m in diameter by 30 January. Minor degassing from the summit was observed in satellite and webcam images during 20-21 August. Mount Cleveland, also known as Cleveland Volcano and Chuginadak, is one of the most active volcanoes in the central part of the Aleutian island arc. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange and the Volcano Alert Level was raised to Watch. Mount Cleveland and Herbert Volcano: Summit of Mount Cleveland, with Herbert Volcano in the background. On 10 January AVO lowered the Volcanic Alert Level to Advisory and the Aviation Color Code to Yellow. Clear webcam views on 25 October showed intermittent, minor steam emissions possibly containing slight amounts of ash rising just above the crater rim. The portion of the volcano that is above sea level is about 8.5 kilometers in diameter (5.3 miles) and rises to an elevation of 1,730 meters (5,675 feet). At 1507 satellite imagery showed a plume that drifted SW and reached an altitude of ~ 6.1 km. Satellite observations in the following days showed that the lava dome, built after the 24 March explosion, had been completely destroyed. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into … Satellite observations were obscured by clouds during 8-10 April. The Volcanic Alert Level was lowered back to Advisory and the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow on 12 February. AVO reported that on 26 August the Volcano Alert Level for Cleveland was raised to Advisory, and the Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow, due to a persistent thermal anomaly near the summit visible in satellite imagery on most days during 16-24 August. The Alaska Volcano Observatory relies on satellite observations to detect eruptions of Aleutian volcanoes that are otherwise difficult to monitor. AVO reported that no significant volcanic activity at Cleveland was detected in seismic, infrasound, or satellite data since an explosion occurred on 24 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. On 5 September, AVO reported that satellite views of Cleveland showed no evidence of further eruptive activity since the last explosion on 20 August. Mount Cleveland plate tectonics: Simplified plate tectonics cross section showing how Mount Cleveland is located on an island above a subduction zone formed where the Pacific plate descends beneath the North America plate. must be rerouted. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory. AVO reported that during 12-13 October cloud cover over Cleveland prevented views of the lava dome in the summit crater. The 1973 eruption of Heimaey in Iceland buried much of the nearby town of Heimaey under lava and cinder. A small volume of lava was extruded from the summit on 17 or 18 May, as confirmed in satellite data. Cleveland on 10 July at about 1845 and 2115, observing minor steaming from the SE summit. Photographs from 27 July and a pilot report from 2 August indicated fresh volcanic ejecta on the slopes and summit. This was especially true since the year of … The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange through at least 30 July. AVO issued a new VONA (Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation) on 17 June 2015 returning the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (Yellow is 2nd lowest on a 4-color scale), and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory (also 2nd lowest on a 4-level scale). An hour later, only minor steaming from the summit was noted. Seismic and infrasound data were at background levels. Geothermal resources of the Aleutian arc. on 7 May. On 25 May 2010, AVO warned that thermal anomalies observed in satellite data over the past few days suggested another period of unrest. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. This data can detect heat produced by lava flows, ash eruptions, and very shallow magma. AVO reported that an astronaut aboard the International Space Station observed an ash plume from Cleveland at 1500. Neither eruptive activity nor thermal anomalies have been observed at Cleveland during the previous 6 weeks. Alaska Geog, 4: 1-88. volcanic islands of the Aleutian island chain.” (Mount Cleveland Volcano, 2019) Mount Veniaminof: Subduction Zone Type of volcano: Mouth Cleveland – Stratovolcano, Mount Veniaminof – Stratovolcano with a summit caldera USGS - Earthquakes: The USGS also has a wonderful website for earthquakes and earthquake hazards. AVO reported that no significant volcanic activity at Cleveland was detected in seismic, infrasound, or satellite data during 10-16 May. According to AVO, on 15 August scientists reported "puffing activity consisting of steam and gas from the summit and vapor clouds over the volcano.". and Guffanti, M.C., 2006. Elevated surface temperatures identified in satellite images during 6-7 June were consistent with lava effusion at the summit crater. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. Retrospective analysis of ground-coupled airwaves in seismic data further confirmed the explosion. Cloud cover prevented observations during 29 June-3 July. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. It continued to grow slowly through 16 January. AVO lowered the Volcanic Alert Level for Cleveland from Watch to Advisory and the Aviation Color Code from Orange to Yellow on 6 September. No further activity was detected for several weeks after the 2 May plume. Cleveland Volcano, situated on the western half of Chuginadak Island, is one of the most active of the volcanoes in the Aleutian Islands, which extend west-southwest from the Alaska mainland. Initial data suggested that the cloud was at a height of ~6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. The Concern Color Code was raised to Yellow. A diffuse plume drifted less than 20 km NE, N, and NW at an altitude of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. No significant thermal anomalies or ash deposits on snow were observed in satellite imagery. Cleveland was obscured by clouds during most of the week and no thermal anomalies were observed. Slow growth of the lava dome in the summit crater continued during the first few days of August 2017. It has produced ash clouds as high as 15,000 and 30,000 feet above sea level. | February On 22 February, satellite imagery detected a low-level ash plume that drifted about 300 km SE. Alaska Div Geol Geophys Surv, Prof Rpt, no 114, 17 p and 4 map sheets. Mount Cleveland (Cleveland Volcano), calls Chuginadak Island in the Aleutian Islands its home. AVO reported that during 16-22 May satellite observations of Cleveland's summit crater revealed nothing unusual; no ash emissions or other signs of unrest were detected or reported. References. Numerous large lava flows descend the steep-sided flanks. They use this data to monitor for ash in the atmosphere and AVO reported that on 6 November thermal infrared satellite images of Cleveland showed elevated surface temperatures. Shortly after the eruption, minor steaming was observed from the vent on additional footage. 2018: January A small explosion at Cleveland was recorded by the seismic network at 1155 on 8 December. Volcanic unrest continued at Cleveland through 4 May. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images; weather clouds sometimes prevented views of the volcano. AVO reported that elevated surface temperatures from Cleveland were detected in satellite images during 18-20 July. 2001: February | February Post-event analysis of infrasound data suggested that a small explosion likely occurred at 1125 on 10 November. Stratovolcanoes are what most people envision when they think of a volcano. . No significant eruptive activity was detected by seismic or infrasound sensors. A plume was visible on satellite imagery at 1507 that drifted SW and reached a height of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa in Hawaii sent lava towards Hilo but the eruption stopped before the flows reached the town. AVO reported that during 22-23 May elevated surface temperatures over Cleveland were observed in satellite images. On 12 December AVO lowered the Aviation Color Code to Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory, though an explosion the next day prompted a return to Orange and Watch, respectively. The AVO reported that at 1430 on 19 March an explosive eruption at Cleveland was detected on satellite imagery. At noon the next day incandescent lava was visible in the cracks of a 30-m-diameter dome-like feature within the summit crater. On the 27th AVO noted that low-level eruptive activity continued. AVO reported on 23 March that the Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code for Cleveland were lowered to Advisory and Yellow, respectively, because no explosions had been detected since 13 March and lava-dome growth was not evident after that. In some ways, Mount Vesuvius and its eruption were much welcomed by the Allies, as it was one of the few things some of them were able to tell their families about. According to satellite imagery from AVO, the lava dome was slowly subsiding during February into early March. Cleveland is almost perfectly symmetrical and 5 miles (8 km) wide at its base. At 1955 on 24 August a brief eruption was seen by mariners on a passing ship. Large eruptions can affect atmospheric temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the Sun and cool the Earth's troposphere. Big Think Edge. Amendments to Bulletin. After the event, seismicity declined and remained low. From October through the first three weeks of December, evidence of further ash emissions was absent from satellite imagery. Cleveland is a stratovolcano, a volcano formed by layers of ash and lava deposits with a classic cone shape. Information Contacts: Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4667, USA (URL: http://www.avo.alaska.edu/), the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, P.O. | June The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Item f, Table 4 - BGVN 33:02: Satellite data from February 2007 revealed evidence of recent activity involving ejection of bombs and debris on the upper flanks and generation of water-rich flows that traveled halfway to the coast. 2007: July AVO reported that unrest at Cleveland continued during 13-19 February, though no activity was detected in seismic or infrasound data. The dome doubled in size between 1 and 11 October when it appeared to cover an area of about 8,300 m2 and had approximate dimensions of 95 x 115 m. The number and intensity of elevated surface temperatures seen in satellite imagery declined during 7-13 October. AVO lowered both the Volcano Alert Level and the Aviation Color Code for Cleveland to Unassigned on 3 September, noting a lack of unrest over the past few months. Cleveland's commonly observed activity consisting of short duration explosions, such as those seen earlier in the year on 6 February 2006 (BGVN 31:01) and on 23 May 2006 (BGVN 31:07), continued during August and October 2006. AVO reported that unrest continued at Cleveland during 7-13 March. The 11 March event produced an ash plume that reached a height of ~4.4-5.9 km above Cleveland's summit (figure 3). No current seismic information was available because Cleveland does not have a real-time seismic network. A thermal anomaly detected in satellite imagery following the explosive activity was still visible as of 23 March. AVO reported that a weak thermal anomaly from Cleveland was detected in satellite imagery on 2 June. The Aleut people also knew that Mount Cleveland and the other half of Other deposits, likely from other lahars, were mobilized on the NNW and NNE flanks. Wilson noted that the activity was the most intense he had ever seen at Mt. Strongly elevated surface temperatures were observed in satellite imagery on 19 and 20 January, reflecting growth of a lava dome. Elevated surface temperature in summit crater. According to images captured at 0945 the ash cloud had split and drifted in two directions; one traveled 120 km SE of the volcano and reached an altitude of over 5 km, while the other cloud drifted higher, traveled 100 km N, and rose to an altitude of over 9 km (figure 2). AVO reported that unrest at Cleveland continued during 18-23 July, though nothing significant was detected in seismic or infrasound data. Although satellite images and nearby seismic stations showed no evidence of activity, a one-time Urgent Pilot Report and a one-time SIGMET were issued. AVO reported that a small explosion at Cleveland was detected in seismic and infrasound data at 2149 on 4 May. Meteorological cloud cover often prevented views of the crater. to Mount Cleveland is questionable. Observers on a boat at the NE side of Cleveland reported seeing a dusting of ash on the snow near the summit as well as moderate steaming from the summit area. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. On 11 August the hazard status rose to Orange/Watch, but on 25 August it dropped to Yellow/Advisory. Weakly elevated surface temperatures detected in recent clear-weather satellite images were consistent with cooling of a newly emplaced lava flow. A clear view of the crater on 30 August and 1 September revealed thermal anomalies at the summit. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory. Additional small ash clouds have since been observed during late May and early June. The earliest history of Mount Cleveland is the oral record of the Aleut people. Cleveland several times between 22 and 29 June. Elevated surface temperatures were again observed on 22-24 July. AVO reported that on 2 August the Volcano Alert Level for Cleveland was raised to Watch and the Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange due to the formation of a 40-m-wide lava dome in the summit crater that was observed on 29 July. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange and the Volcano Alert Level was raised to Watch. Mount Cleveland, one of the most active volcanoes in Alaska, has seen its fair share of eruptions.

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